JENIS-JENIS PORT PADA KOMPUTER
Satu unit komputer terdiri dari CPU, Monitor, Keyboard dan Mouse. Pada CPU yang merupakan sistem unit atau console memiliki beberapa port. Port pada komputer berfungsi sebagai antarmuka antara sebuah komputer dengan komputer atau dengan unit (device) lain. Umumnya, port digunakan untuk menghubungkan monitor, keyboard, mouse, modem dan periferal lainnya.
Port memiliki standar bentuk sendiri, seperti port untuk keyboard berbentuk bulat. Pertama kali komputer desktop diciptakan, memiliki dua port yaitu port serial dan port parallel. Pemasangan kabel monitor, keyboard dan mouse harus sesuai dengan portnya. Kesalahan pemasangan dapat menyebabkan tidak berfungsinya komputer. Untuk dapat memasang port sesuai dengan posisinya, berikut ini terdapat beberapa port console.
JENIS-JENIS PORT
1. Port power supply kabel power listrik, Port ini digunakan untuk menghubungkan power supply dengan CPU.
Port paralel bekerja dengan mengirim dan menerima beberapa bit pada satu saat melalui satu set kabel. Termasuk dalam port paralel adalah port penghubung printer, modem, dan port penghubung disk drive.
PS / 2, port ini disebut dengan port serial type 2 yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan keyboard dan mouse. Untuk port keyboard berwarna ungu dan untuk port mouse berwarna hijau.
Saat ini, port usb paling populer digunakan, misalnya untuk flash disk, harddisk eksternal, mouse, keyboard. Kelebihan dari port USB adalah kemudahannya dalam melakukan koneksi device ke komputer, sehingga banyak alat dapat dipasang secara plug and play. USB ini dirancang tidak tergantung pada ekspansion slot, dan USB yang dipasang tidak perlu melakukan booting ulang komputer. Selain itu, USB juga mendukung arsitektur daisy-chain ganda, yaitu penggunaan USB hub. Sebuah USB hub dapat menampung banyak device USB. Jumlah tingkat atau level USB hub yang tersusun maksimal 5 tingkat, sedangkan jumlah USB device yang dapat terkoneksi ke sebuah kontroler USB maksimal 127 buah.
Port ini terdiri dari 3 port yaitu port line in, line out, dan microphone.
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I/O Port Address Assignments and Ranges
Device | Common Port | Range (h) | IRQ |
Floppy | 03F0 [- 03F5] | ||
Video Cards | 3B0 [- 3DF] | ||
Parallel Port LPT1 | 0378 | 0378 - 037F | 7 |
Parallel Port LPT2 | 0278 | 0278 - 027F | 5 * |
Serial Port, Com1 | 03F8 | 03F8 - 03FF | 4 |
Serial Port, Com 2 | 02F8 | 02F8 - 02FF | 3 |
Serial Port, Com 3 | 03E8 | 03E8 - 03EF | 4 |
Serial Port, Com 4 | 02E8 | 02E8 - 02EF | 3 |
1st IDE drive | 1F0 | 14 | |
2nd IDE drive | 170 | 15 | |
3rd IDE drive | 1E8 | 10 | |
4th IDE drive | 168 | 11 | |
NE200 Ethernet Network Cards | 300 | 300 - 31F | 3,11 |
Sound Blaster | 220 | 220 - 22E | |
* Usually IRQ 5 if it is not used by a sound card |
(from wikipedia) In the x86 architecture, an input/output base address is a base address of an I/O port. In other words, this is the first address of a range of consecutive I/O port addresses that device uses.
This table represents the common I/O address ranges for device assignments in IBM PC compatible computers. The base address is the first in each range. Each row of the table represents a device or chip within the computer system. For example, the address status port in the LPT device is 0x0001, adding the base address of LPT1 (0x0378) results in the address of the LPT1 status port being 0x0379.
When there are two or more identical devices in a computer system, each device would be mapped to a different base address (e.g. LPT1 and LPT2 for printers).
I/O address range | Device |
00 – 1F | First DMA controller 8237 A-5 |
20 – 3F | First Programmable Interrupt Controller, 8259A, Master |
40 – 5F | Programmable Interval Timer (System Timer), 8254 |
60 – 6F | |
70 – 7F | Real Time Clock, NMI mask |
80 – 9F | DMA Page Register, 74LS612 |
87 | DMA Channel 0 |
83 | DMA Channel 1 |
81 | DMA Channel 2 |
82 | DMA Channel 3 |
8B | DMA Channel 5 |
89 | DMA Channel 6 |
8A | DMA Channel 7 |
8F | Refresh |
A0 – BF | Second Programmable Interrupt Controller, 8259A, Slave |
C0 – DF | Second DMA controller 8237 A-5 |
F0 | Clear 80287 Busy |
F1 | Reset 80287 |
F8 – FF | |
F0 – F5 | PCjr Disk Controller |
F8 – FF | Reserved for future microprocessor extensions |
100 – 10F | POS Programmable Option Select (PS/2) |
110 – 1EF | System I/O channel |
140 – 15F | Secondary SCSI host adapter |
170 – 177 | Secondary Parallel ATA Disk Controller |
1F0 – 1F7 | Primary Parallel ATA Hard Disk Controller |
200 – 20F | |
210 – 217 | Expansion Unit |
220 – 233 | Sound Blaster and most other sound cards |
278 – 27F | LPT2 parallel port |
280 – 29F | |
2B0 – 2DF | Alternate Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) display control |
2E8 – 2EF | COM4 serial port |
2E1 | GPIB/IEEE-488 Adapter 0 |
2E2 – 2E3 | Data acquisition |
2F8 – 2FF | COM2 serial port |
300 – 31F | Prototype Card |
300 – 31F | Novell NE1000 compatible Ethernet network interfaces |
300 – 31F | AMD Am7990 Ethernet network interface, IRQ=5. |
320 – 323 | ST-506 and compatible hard disk drive interface |
330 – 331 | MPU-401 MIDI Processing Unit on most sound cards |
340 – 35F | Primary SCSI host adapter |
370 – 377 | Secondary floppy disk drive controller |
378 – 37F | LPT1 parallel port |
380 – 38C | Secondary Binary Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) adapter |
388 – 389 | AdLib Music Synthesizer Card |
3A0 – 3A9 | Primary Binary Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) adapter |
3B0 – 3BB | Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) display control |
3BC – 3BF | MDA LPT parallel port |
3C0 – 3CF | Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) display control |
3D0 – 3DF | Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) |
3E8 – 3EF | COM3 serial port |
3F0 – 3F7 | Primary floppy disk drive controller. Primary IDE controller (slave drive) (3F6–3F7h) |
3F8 – 3FF | COM1 serial port |
CF8 – CFC |
Note: For many devices listed above the assignments can be changed via jumpers, DIP switches, or Plug-And-Play software.
The more common I/O address assignments
I/O Address USE 0000-000f Slave DMA controller (8237 chip) 0010-001F System 0020-0021 First Interrupt controller (8259 chip) 0030-0031 Second interrupt controller 0040-0043 Programable Interval Timer 1 (8254 chip) 0048-004B Programable Interval Timer 2 0050-006F System devices 0070-0071 NMI Enable / Real Time Clock 0080-008B DMA Page registers 0090-009F System devices 00A0-00A1 Slave interrupt controller 00C0-00DE Master DMA controller 00F0-00FF System devices 0100-0167 System devices 0168-016F IDE Interface - Quaternary channel 0170-0177 IDE interface - Secondary channel 01E8-01EF IDE Interface - Tertiary channel 01F0-01F7 IDE interface - Primary channel 0200-0207 Games Port (joystick port) 0220-022F Usually used by sound cards, also used by NOVEL NETWARE KEY CARD 0270-0273 Plug and Play hardware 0278-027A Parallel Port * 0280-028F Sometimes used for LCD Display I/O 02B0-02DF Alternate VGA Video Display Adaptor assignment (secondary address) 02E0-02E7 GPIB 0, data aquisition card 0 (02E1 to 02E3 only) 02E8-02EF Serial Port - COM 4 02F8-02FF Serial Port - COM 2 0300-031F Often used as a default for Network Interface cards (was prototype card) 0320-023F ST506 and ESDI Hard Disk Drive Interface (mostly used in PX/XT and early PC/AT) 0330-0331 MPU-401 (midi) interface, on Sound Cards 0360-036F Sometimes used for Network Interface cards 0376-0377 Another address used by the Secondary IDE Controller (see 0170-0177) 0378-037A Parallel Port * 0388-038B FM (sound) synthesis port on sound cards 03B0-03BB MDA, EGA and VGA Video Display Adaptor (only 03B0 to 03BB used) 03BC-03BF Parallel Port (originally only fitted to IBM mono display adaptors) * 03C0-03DF EGA / VGA Video Display Adaptor, (Primary address) 03E0-03E7 PCIC PCMCIA Port Controller 03E8-03EF Serial Port - COM 3 03F0-03F6 Floppy Disk Drive Interface 03F7-03f7 Another address used by the Primary IDE Controller (see 01F0-01F7) 03F8-03FF Serial Port - COM 1 0533-0537 Windows sound system (used by many sound cards) These next assignments are recent additions, and are used by some modern chip-sets used in System Boards. 0678-067F Used by the Extended Parallel Port at 0278 (more about EPP soon) 0778-077F Used by the Extended Parallel Port at 0378 (more about EPP soon) 07BC-07C5 Used by the Extended Parallel Port at 03BC (more about EPP soon) 0CF8-0CFB PCI data registers FF00-FF07 IDE Bus Mastering Registers FFA0-FFA7 Primary IDE Bus Mastering Registers FFA8-FFAF Secondary IDE Bus Mastering Registers
* The three Parallel Port assignments listed in this table are assigned as LPT1 to LPT3 in the following order : 3BC, 378, 278. Usually a PC has only one Parallel Port and the BIOS setup routines assignes the first Parallel Port hardware it finds in the above order, to LPT1. If a second Parallel Port is found it will be assigned LPT2, in the order above.
Sumber :
http://hamidcell.wordpress.com/kumpulan-makalah/makalah-tik-jenis-jenis-port-pada-komputer/
http://www.techadvice.com/tech/I/io-ports.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output_base_address
http://www.philipstorr.id.au/pcbook/book2/ioassign.htm
Terimakasih ya untuk informasinya,
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